What type of hand tool is specifically used for gripping or turning nuts and bolts?

The tool specifically designed for gripping or turning nuts and bolts is the wrench. Wrenches come in various styles, such as adjustable wrenches, socket wrenches, and fixed-size wrenches, each tailored for different types and sizes of fasteners. They provide the necessary leverage and grip to securely hold and turn nuts and bolts without slipping, ensuring that the fastened connections can be adequately tightened or loosened.

In contrast, while pliers can grip and turn a variety of objects, they are not specifically designed for the precise fit required for nuts and bolts, which can lead to rounding off the corners of fasteners. Socket tools are indeed effective for turning nuts and bolts, but they require a ratchet handle for use, which may not classify them as a traditional hand tool on their own. A screwdriver is designed for driving screws and does not have the capability to interact with nuts and bolts, further distinguishing the wrench's specific purpose in fastener applications.